3种固定腹腔引流管方法在肝胆外科护理应用中的效果研究

目的探讨不同的腹腔引流管固定方法在肝胆外科患者护理中的应用效果。方法对250例留置腹腔引流管患者,分别采取3 M医用透气胶布蝶形交叉固定法(A组)、导管固定装置固定法(B组)、3 M弹力胶布高举平台固定法(C组)固定腹腔引流管,分别比较3种固定方法的脱管率、更换间隔时间、费用、皮肤过敏度。结果 A组与B组腹腔引流管脱管率明显多于C组,3组患者脱管率比较差异有显著性(P0.05);A组、B组皮肤过敏率多于C组,3组患者过敏度比较差异有显著性(P0.05);3组平均更换间隔时间中C组更换间隔时间要长于A组和B组(P0.05);3组患者满意度调查,C组的满意度明显高于另2组(P0.05)。结论采用3 M弹力胶布高举平台固定法优于3 M医用透气胶布蝶形交叉固定法及导管固定装置固定,值得临床上推广。     

Abridged republication of FIGO's staging classification for cancer of the ovary,fallopian tube,and peritoneum

Ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancers have a similar clinical presentation and are treated similarly, and current evidence supports staging all 3 cancers in a single system. The primary site (i.e. ovary, fallopian tube, or peritoneum) should be designated where possible. The histologic type should be recorded. Intraoperative rupture (“surgical spill”) is IC1; capsule ruptured before surgery or tumor on ovarian or fallopian tube surface is IC2; and positive peritoneal cytology with or without rupture is IC3. The new staging includes a revision of stage III patients; assignment to stage IIIA1 is based on spread to the retroperitoneal lymph nodes without intraperitoneal dissemination. Extension of tumor from omentum to spleen or liver (stage IIIC) should be differentiated from isolated parenchymal metastases (stage IVB). Cancer 2015;121:3435–43. © 2015 American Cancer Society.     

管状胃在高龄食管癌和贲门癌根治术中的应用

目的 总结70岁以上高龄食管癌、贲门癌根治手术中应用管状胃代食管的手术操作方法, 分析术后肺部并发症的发生及术后生存的情况。方法 回顾分析30例70岁以上高龄食管癌和贲门癌患者临床资料, 术中应用管状胃代替食管, 统计分析术后发生的肺部并发症和随访资料。结果 术中保留胃右动脉及分支的管状胃制作成功, 23例术后无明显肺部并发症发生, 4例出现明显肺部感染, 积极治疗后康复出院;2例术后气管切开, 呼吸机辅助呼吸, 1周后顺利脱离呼吸机;1例较长时间呼吸机辅助呼吸, 出现吻合口瘘, 最终死亡。术后随访21例, 无明显反流性食管炎发生, 术后1月后生活基本自理。1、3年生存率分别为42.8%(9/21)和19.0%(4/21)。结论 应用管状胃代食管, 对高龄食管癌和贲门癌患者, 可以有效预防吻合口瘘, 减少胸腔胃对心肺功能的影响, 减少反流性食管炎的发生, 提高患者术后生存质量。     

Investigational therapies currently in Phase II clinical trials for the treatment of pelvic serous carcinomas

Introduction: Pelvic serous carcinomas (PSCs) are a controversial entity, which mostly comprise fallopian tube carcinoma (FTC), primary peritoneal carcinoma (PPC) and serous ovarian carcinoma (OC). Despite incremental attention towards understanding pelvic serous carcinogenesis, the gold standard treatment and survival rates have not substantially changed in these last decades.

Areas covered: This review summarizes and gives a critical overview of the ongoing Phase II trials investigating therapies for PSC.

Expert opinion: Several novel molecules have been developed and are currently under investigation for the treatment of PSC, including FTC, PPC and serous OC. The trend of novel targeted agents is one towards individualized, tailored therapy, based on the molecular and biological differences that characterize tumors that seem similar based solely on histological analysis. The task of developing new molecules is particularly difficult for PSC, given the recurrent development of new patterns of drug resistance. However, even if current research is focused towards identifying the best treatments for each woman with a molecularly defined disease, a deeper knowledge of the molecular biology and genetics underlying FTC and its relation as a precursor of PSC is needed.     

To Assess the Efficacy of Modality Slow Motion Dynamic Video Endoscopy of Eustachian Tube in Chronic Middle Ear Pathologies

Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) has a role in chronic otitis media (COM) is a well known fact and number of modalities have come up for its assessment—slow motion dynamic videoendoscopy (SMDV) being the latest. (i) To find prevalence of ETD in COM and (ii) to check the efficacy of SMDV in detecting dysfunction as compared to gold standard tympaometry (TYM). It’s a prospective analytical study with total of 100 patients of chronic otitis media, hence 200 ears were tested for ETD by TYM and SMDV. Prevalence of ETD was noted as 35.5 % in COM whereas the two testing modalities TYM versus SMDV showed agreement in 161 cases out of the 200 ears giving a moderate agreement of statistical significance (Kappa test) suggesting SMDV to be included in standard of protocol when assessing ETD along with TYM.     

Effect of Different Tube Feeding Methods on the Delivery of Docosahexaenoic and Arachidonic Acid: An In Vitro Pilot Study

Background: Arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are crucial for neural and visual development after premature birth. Preterm infants usually require tube feeding (TF) until the achievement of adequate oral feeding skills; the impact of TF on DHA and AA delivery has not been investigated yet. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different TF techniques on the delivery of AA and DHA contained in human milk (HM). Methods: HM samples (65 mL each) were collected and divided into three 20‐mL aliquots. The remaining 5 mL served as baseline. Three TF techniques were simulated (1 for each aliquot): gravity bolus feeding (BF), 3‐hour continuous feeding using a horizontal feeding pump, and 3‐hour continuous feeding with the feeding pump angled at 45°. For horizontal continuous feeding (HCF) and 45° angled continuous feeding (ACF), aliquots delivered between 0 and 90 minutes (T1) and 91 and 180 minutes (T2) were collected separately. AA and DHA concentration was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and compared among the TF methods. DHA and AA delivery at T1 and T2 was also evaluated. Results: Fifty‐one simulated feeds were performed. DHA and AA amounts after BF and ACF did not differ significantly compared with baseline, whereas HCF resulted in significantly lower DHA and AA concentration. During T2, ACF delivered almost twice the DHA and AA amounts compared with T1. Conclusion: The delivery of HM AA and DHA is significantly affected by TF, with potential clinical implications. When BF is not tolerated, ACF might represent a feasible alternative to reduce TF‐related DHA and AA loss.